Hackers or other malicious groups or organizations may attempt to interfere with the TXA DSL in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, malware attacks, denial of service attacks, consensus-based attacks, Sybil attacks, smurfing and spoofing. Furthermore, there is a risk that a third party or a member of the issuer, the distributor(s) or their respective affiliates may intentionally or unintentionally introduce weaknesses into the core infrastructure of the TXA DSL, which could negatively affect TXA. Further, the future of cryptography and security innovations are highly unpredictable and advances in cryptography, or technical advances (including without limitation development development of quantum computing), could present unknown risks to TXA by rendering ineffective the cryptographic consensus mechanism that underpins that blockchain protocol.